The subsidiarity principle requires EU decisions to be taken as closely as possible to the citizen. In other words, the EU does not take action unless this is more effective than the same action taken at national level. The proportionality principle limits EU actions to what is necessary to achieve the objectives of the Treaties. (Voor aanbevelingen, relaties met wetgeving, en best-practices zie https://interoperable-europe.ec.europa.eu/collection/nifo-national-interoperability-framework-observatory/solution/european-interoperability-framework-eif-toolbox/underlying-principles )